Mathematical instrument



Jan. 17, 1933, PA$KQW$K| 1,894,886

MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENT Filed Oct. 24, 1929 I5 Sheets-$heet l mun mun 1/2 jtlglllllll Jan. 17, 1933. A. PASKOWSKI 1,394,835

MATHEMAT I CAL INSTRUMENT Filed Oct. 24, 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 [HIHHHH 12214- fldolf .Pmkou/aki.

17, 1933. A. PASKOWSKI MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENT Filed Oct. 24, 1929 I5 Sheets-Sheet 3 fidolf' Pad/(01 67615.

Patented Jan. 17, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ADOLF PASKO'WSKI, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENT Application filed October 24, 1929. 'Serial Flo/402,187,

will be termed a combination protractor although the instrument is adapted for many other uses than are possible with an ordinary protractor. V One importantobject of the invention is to provide a novel and improved instrument of this kind which may be used for measuring angles, laying off squares and bevels, setting out or determining trigonometrical functions such as sines and tangents, measuring the depths of holes or bores, finding centers, as a parallel ruler for laying off parallel lines and performing awide variety of other operations of the same general character.

' A second important object of the invention is'to provide an improved instrument of this class wherein certainof the operations may be performed with reference to a base line or to a line at an angle thereto without the necespity of establishing such line as a new face A third important object of the invention is to provide an improved instrument of this class which, while capable of performing many different operations will yet be of simpleconstruction, having relatively few parts and those of such nature as to be easy to operate. Y

With the above and other objects in View, as will be hereinafter set forth, the invention consists in general of certain novel details of 5 construction and combinations of parts hereundercut as shown in Figure 8 to receive the inafter fully described, illustrated in the accompanying drawings and specifically claimed. V

In the accompanying drawings, like characters of reference indicate like parts in the several views, and

Figure 1 is a plan view of the complete instrument with the parts in one position;

Figure 2 is a similar View showing the parts in a second position; 7

Figure 3 is an edge view of the instrument; Figure 4: is a section on the line 11 of Figure 1; I

Figure 5 is a section'on the line 55 of Figure 1; I

the ends of the scale.

Figure 6 is a section on line 66 of Fig ure 1;

Figure ure 1;

Figure 8 is a section on line 8-8of Fig- 7 i is a section on line 7 7 of Figure 1 and Figure 9 1s a section on line 9-9 of Figure 1;

In the construction of the invention as here shown, there is provided a main or base member 10 having parallel side edges, one of which is provided with a scale 11 graduated both ways from a zero point 12 intermediate Opposite this zero point is a circular opening 13 having a rabetted periphery and in which fits a rabetted disk 14 and mounted intermediate its ends on this disk is a main blade 15, the blade being thus revoluble on the base me1n-. her. One end edge of the main member is arcuate in form andcar'ries degree graduati0ns16 and the corresponding end edge of the blade 15 is also of arcuate formation and provided with an index line 17 normally resting at the central Zero point of the scale 16. These end edges are concentric with the disk l t and in the base adjacent its arcuate edge is a rabetted slot 18 also concentric with said disk. Through the blade 15 passes a clamping bolt 19 having its head fitted in this slot 18 and provided on its upper end with a knurled binding nut 20 so that themain blade may be secured to the base in angularly adjusted position. In the edge of the blade 15 adjacent the scale 11 is formed an arcuate notch 21 correspondingly shaped outer edge of a protractor are 22 which is held in position by a retaining segment 23. This protractor arc is so positioned as to be concentric with the zero point 12 at the edge of the base upon the index 17 being at the zero point of the scale 16. This protractor arc extends about 135 and is graduated on its inside and outside edges as at 24, the graduations running from Zero at each end to 90 in the center of such graduations. Index points 25 are engraved or "otherwise indicated on the blade 15., Carried by the arc 22 is a protractor blade 26 which has a graduated edge 27 extending ra- 29 provided with a knurled nut, the bolt pass- 7 ing through a slot 30 extending longitudinally of the blade. One edge of this slider 1s arcuate and concentric .tov the bolt and;; th1s edge is bevelled and provided with gradua- Also mounted on the bolt is a180 protractor edge of'the base so that the end of the scale bar 36 may be engaged with the graduated tions 31 and a zero point or index '32 which lines on a radial line from the bolt center and at right angles to the edge of the'blade" 26.

segment 33 having its arcuate edge graduated at; 34., and concentric to the bolt 28 .so that this segment may have its straight edge 35 adjusted to any desired angle with respect to the edge of the blade 26. Slidably mounted one, edge suitably graduated. By means-of {this arrangement the bar 36 may be used as a parallel ruler, the angle to the slide being'ad- .ajusted and the slider moved from one posij ti onto anotheralong the blade 26. Also by 30, proper setting of the protractor scales 24 and 34,1the edge 35.1nay be brought to 90"].to the edgeof the base and,by suitably observing the ratios of the scale on said bar, scale .11 and scale 27 trigonometrical functions may he obtained. Also both right and oblique triangles may be solved by proper manipulation of these scales and protractors. I

Mounted on the blade 15 to slide longitudinally thereof is a main blade slider'37 having a slot 38 extending -theretl1rough:at 7 right angles to the main blade. In this slot 7 slides a scale 39 suitably graduated with ".45-

inchesin tenths and this scale maybe used as a'depth gauge or for, any-other desired pur-c pose. Moreover, by using this scale 39 with those previously described quadrangular figures havingone right angle may be solved.

"That is the remaining elements may be found if certain'elementsbe known in many cases.

In order to. provide for accuracy in measuring with'this scale'39 a Vernier, 40 is pro- 1 vided on the slider '37.

. Slidable longitudinally of the blade 15 is a .canter crossingrule or scale 41 having winches thereondepicted in tenths having a vernier 42 .whicliniaytbe used to determine centers.

.IAlso,by setting the scale 36 at 45 to the baseedge at theintersection of such edge, and the edgeof the scale 8,9,this scale'36 may be .used to draworscribe'diametrical lines, as

on the end of a round bar, todetermine the 3 .center.

Obviously many other uses, too numerous to mention, will occur to those skilled in handling such instruments.

There has thus been provided a simple and efficient device of the kind described and for the purpose specified.

It is obvious that minor changes may be made in the form and construction of the invention without departing from the principles involved. It is therefore wished to in- 1; In aninstrument of the kind described,

.a main memberv havin o a scale. at one: edge extending troma zeropointablade on which said, member is pivotally mounted,a pro- J'tractorblade having anedge extending radially from said; zero. oint and graduated to provide asecond, sca e, said protractor. blade oby-means of a tongue and groove connection, as shown in Figure 9 on the edge 35 of the c protractor segment 33 isa scale bar 36having I being supported by the first namedblade to swingr-onsaidzeropoint asa center, a slider on said protractor blade, a .protractorseg- .ment pivotally mounted on said slider. and

having one straight edge, andayscale bar slidably mounted on said straightedge. 2. f In an instrument of the kind described,

. a mainmemberhaving a scale atone edge exitendmg from. a zero point ablade on which saidv member is pivotallymounted, a protrac tor bladehaving an edge extending radially -frornrsaid .zero, .point and, graduated to yprovidea second scale, said.protractor blade 7 being supported-bythe'first named blade to swingon said zero point as a center, aslider on said; protractor vblade, av protractor "seg- 3. In an instrument of the kind described,

. a main memberhaving ascale, at one edge extending from aq zero point a blade .on which said member is pivotally mounted, a protractorbladehaving an edge extending radially fromsaid zero .point, and graduated to providea second scale, said protractor blade being supportedby .the first named bladeto swing on: said zeropoint .asa center, a slider on saidspr'otractor. blade, a protracton segment pivotally mounted on said slider; and

having; one straight edge, a scale bar islidably mounted onrsaid straight edge, the main blade being pivoted to themain member. op-

.posite,the zero point of said first scale,and

means to secure the I main blade in. adjusted angular relation to the main *member.

4." In an instrument of the kind described,

amain member having a scale at one edge extending from azero pointa blade on which said member is pivotally mounted, a protractorbladehaving an edge extending radially from said zeropoint and graduated to provide a second scale, said protractor blade being supported by the first named blade to swing on said zero point as a center, a slider on said protractor blade, a protractor segment pivotally mounted on said slider and having one straight edge, a scale bar slidably mounted on said straight edge, means to secure the second protractor in adjusted position on said protractor blade, the main blade being pivoted to the main member oppositethe zero point of said first scale, and means to secure the main blade in adjusted angular relation to the main member.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

ADOLF PASKOWSKI. 

